The Mustard Consortium was developed, and is led by Amaox, Ltd. It is composed of investigators from the University of Michigan, Harvard CBR, East Tennessee State University, and Meharry Medical College. The research has led us to the observations that CEES induces its damage primarily by oxidative stress. We have previously shown that antioxidants administered by several routes are effective either as prophylaxis, or acutely treatment for CEES induced lung injury in animal models. The protective effects of the antioxidants can be further enhanced by increasing their bioavailability via the use of liposome encapsulation of antioxidants (STIMAL). The research effort for the upcoming period will further elucidate the pathophysiology, optimize the liposome encapsulated antioxidant formulation and develop several other potential treatments in the CEES models. The liposome encapsulated antioxidants will be tested in sulfur mustards by intravenous and tracheal installation. If successful in ameliorating damage by sulfur mustards, it will provide the basis for a pre–investigational new drug application as an inhalation antidote.