*NEW* - Now you can search our entire library online, including many references not available on PubMed. Just click here.
The literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The reference library outlined below is an important component of our CounterACT Education and Training program run by Drs. Joshua Gray and Diane Heck.
References cataloged by subject:
Animal research on sulfur mustard toxicity
Abe, Y., K. Sugisaki, et al. (1996). "Rabbit vascular endothelial adhesion molecules: ELAM-1 is most elevated in acute inflammation, whereas VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 predominate in chronic inflammation." J Leukoc Biol 60(6): 692-703. Pubmed ID=8975870
Allon, N., E. Gilat, et al. (1993). Sulfur mustard inhalation induced respiratory lesions in guinea pigs: Physiological, biochemical and histological study. . Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2000). "Beneficial effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced ocular lesions in rabbits." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S109-14. Pubmed ID=11428620
Amitai, G., R. Adani, et al. (2005). "Bifunctional compounds eliciting anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinesterase activity as potential treatment of nerve and blister chemical agents poisoning." Chem Biol Interact 157-158: 361-2. Pubmed ID=16498717
Anderson, D. R., S. L. Byers, et al. (1997). "Biochemical alterations in rat lung lavage fluid following acute sulfur mustard inhalation." Inhal Toxicol 9: 43-51.
Anderson, D. R., W. W. Holmes, et al. (2006). "Sulfur mustard-induced neutropenia: treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor." Mil Med 171(5): 448-53. Pubmed ID=16761898
Anderson, D. R., W. W. Holmes, et al. (2004). Sulfur Mustard Induced Neutropenia: Treatment with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and pegylated –G-CSF. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscientific Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1081
Anderson, D. R., J. J. Yourick, et al. (1996). "Pathologic changes in rat lungs following acute sulfur mustard inhalation." Inhal Toxicol 8: 295-297.
Andrzejewski, S. and J. Scianowski (1975). "Recovery pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) total activity changes induced with sulphur mustard in internal organ tissue and serum of rats." Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 23(11): 773-6. Pubmed ID=1218392
Andrzejewski, S. and J. Scianowski (1978). "[Toxic effect of sulfur yperite on selected rat internal organs and a histoautoradiographic assay of its distribution in internal organs damaged previously with sulfur yperite]." Patol Pol 29(1): 51-60. Pubmed ID=662424
Angelov, A., L. Belchev, et al. (1996). "Experimental sulfur mustard gas poisoning and protective effect of different medicines in rats and rabbits." Indian Vet J 73: 546-551.
Angelov, A., L. Belchev, et al. (1996). "Study of some toxic effects of sulfur mustard gas on broiler chickens." Vet Archiv 66: 27-34.
Auerbach, C. (1947). "The induction by mustard gas of chromosomal instabilities in Drosophila melanogaster." Proc R Soc Edinb 62B: 307-320.
Babin, M. C., K. Ricketts, et al. (2000). "Systemic administration of candidate antivesicants to protect against topically applied sulfur mustard in the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM)." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S141-4. Pubmed ID=11428627
Black, R. M., K. Brewster, et al. (1992). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane): isolation and identification of urinary metabolites following intraperitoneal administration to rat." Xenobiotica 22(4): 405-18. Pubmed ID=1523861
Black, R. M., J. L. Hambrook, et al. (1992). "Biological fate of sulfur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane). Urinary excretion profiles of hydrolysis products and beta-lyase metabolites of sulfur mustard after cutaneous application in rats." J Anal Toxicol 16(2): 79-84. Pubmed ID=1501468
Blank, J. A., L. A. Lane, et al. (2000). "Procedure for assessing myeloperoxidase and inflammatory mediator responses in hairless mouse skin." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S137-9. Pubmed ID=11428626
Bongiovanni, R., C. B. Millard, et al. (1993). Estimation of neutrophil infiltration into hairless guinea pig skin treated with 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Bossone, C. A. and B. Smith (2004). Current animal models used in developing antivesicant medical countermeasures: A review. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1069
Boursnell, J. C., J. A. Cohen, et al. (1946). "Studies on mustard gas (betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds: 5. The fate of injected mustard gas (containing radioactive sulphur) in the animal body." Biochem J 40(5-6): 756-64. Pubmed ID=16748083
Boursnell, J. C., G. E. Francis, et al. (1946). "Studies on mustard gas (betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds: 6. The fate of injected betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphone and betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphoxide (containing radioactive sulphur) in the animal body." Biochem J 40(5-6): 765-8. Pubmed ID=16748084
Brookes, P. and P. D. Lawley (1963). "Effects of alkylating agents on T2 and T4 bacteriophages." Biochem J 89: 138-44. Pubmed ID=14100794
Brown, R. F. and P. Rice (1997). "Histopathological changes in Yucatan minipig skin following challenge with sulphur mustard. A sequential study of the first 24 hours following challenge." Int J Exp Pathol 78(1): 9-20. Pubmed ID=9166101
Cai, Y., Q. Ma, et al. (2004). "[Therapeutic effects of rhEPO, rhG-CSF on sulfur mustard induced toxicity in dogs]." Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 33(6): 649-51. Pubmed ID=15727166
Calvet, J. H., A. Coste, et al. (1996). "Airway epithelial damage induced by sulfur mustard in guinea pigs, effects of glucocorticoids." Hum Exp Toxicol 15(12): 964-71. Pubmed ID=8981100
Calvet, J. H., P. H. Jarreau, et al. (1994). "Acute and chronic respiratory effects of sulfur mustard intoxication in guinea pig." J Appl Physiol 76(2): 681-8. Pubmed ID=8175578
Calvet, J. H., E. Planus, et al. (1999). "Matrix metalloproteinase gelatinases in sulfur mustard-induced acute airway injury in guinea pigs." Am J Physiol 276(5 Pt 1): L754-62. Pubmed ID=10330031
Calvet, J. H., G. Trouiller, et al. (1993). Acute and chronic respiratory lesions induced by sulfur mustard in guinea pigs: Role of Tachykinins. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review, Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Casillas, R. P., K. J. Smith, et al. (1996). Effect of topically applied drugs against HD-induced cutaneous injury in the mouse ear edema model. Med Def Bioscience Rev,
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Chatterjee, D., S. Mukherjee, et al. (2003). "Signal transduction events in lung injury induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a mustard analog." J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17(2): 114-21. Pubmed ID=12717745
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1996). "Structural changes induced by sulphur mustard in rabbit skin." J Appl Toxicol 16(6): 491-5. Pubmed ID=8956094
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1993). "Effect of sulphur mustard on mouse skin--an electron microscopic evaluation." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 51(3): 374-80. Pubmed ID=8219592
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1993). "Histomorphometric study of animal skin exposed to sulphur mustard." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 51(1): 138-45. Pubmed ID=8318764
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1995). "Electron microscopic study of guinea pig skin exposed to sulphur mustard." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 55(1): 50-7. Pubmed ID=7545039
Chauhan, R. S. and L. V. Murty (1997). "Effect of topically applied sulphur mustard on guinea pig liver." J Appl Toxicol 17(6): 415-9. Pubmed ID=9418951
Chen, X. M., P. J. Gray, et al. (1999). "Differential sensitivity of transcription factors to mustard-damaged DNA." Chem Biol Interact 118(1): 51-67. Pubmed ID=10227578
Clemedson, C. J., H. Kristoffersson, et al. (1963). "Whole body autoradiographic studies of the distribution of sulphur 35-labelled mustard gas in mice." Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol 1: 314-20. Pubmed ID=14073976
Cohen, A. M. and H. Prabhakar (1983). "Carcinogen induced DNA damage in isolated rat liver nuclei." Cancer Lett 18(2): 163-7. Pubmed ID=6831392
Conley, J., K. Hunter, et al. (2000). "Domestic swine model for the assessment of chemical warfare agent-anesthetic interactions: some effects of sulfur mustard." Mil Med 165(8): 573-8. Pubmed ID=10957847
Coutelier, J. P., D. Lison, et al. (1991). "Effect of sulfur mustard on murine lymphocytes." Toxicol Lett 58(2): 143-8. Pubmed ID=1949073
Cowan, F. M., D. R. Anderson, et al. (1997). "Biochemical alterations in rat lung lavage fluid following acute sulfur mustard inhalation: II. Increases in proteolytic activity." Inhal Toxicol 9: 53-61.
Czerny, K., B. Ciszewska-Popiolek, et al. (1990). "[Histochemical studies of the kidney of white rats after experimental external application of sulfur mustard gas]." Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb 136(1): 89-94. Pubmed ID=2318400
Dachir, S., E. Fishbeine, et al. (2002). "Potential anti-inflammatory treatments against cutaneous sulfur mustard injury using the mouse ear vesicant model." Hum Exp Toxicol 21(4): 197-203. Pubmed ID=12099621
Das, S. K., D. Chatterjee, et al. (2006). "Decrease in brain POMC mRNA expression and onset of obesity in guinea pigs exposed to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a mustard analogue." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 339(1): 55-8. Pubmed ID=16289378
Das, S. K., S. Mukherjee, et al. (2004). Role of Sphingomyelinase in the Mustard Gas Induced Apoptosis in Guinea Pig Lung. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1089
Dillman III, J. F., C. S. Phillips, et al. (2004). Gene expression profile induced in the rat lung by sulfur mustard exposure. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1053
Dillman, J. F., 3rd, C. S. Phillips, et al. (2005). "Genomic analysis of rodent pulmonary tissue following bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide exposure." Chem Res Toxicol 18(1): 28-34. Pubmed ID=15651846
DOA (1987). Teratology studies of lewisite and sulfur mustard agents: Effects of sulfur mustard in rats and rabbits: Final Report. Frederick, MD, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Department of the Army: AD-A187 495.
Dube, S. N., K. Husain, et al. (1998). "Dose response of sulphur mustard: behavioral and toxic signs in rats." Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 42(3): 389-94. Pubmed ID=9741654
Ebtekar, M. and Z. M. Hassan (1993). "Effect of immunomodulators pyrimethamine and cimetidine on immunosuppression induced by sulfur mustard in mice." Int J Immunopharmacol 15(4): 533-41. Pubmed ID=8365827
Elsayed, N. M. and S. T. Omaye (2004). "Biochemical changes in mouse lung after subcutaneous injection of the sulfur mustard 2-chloroethyl 4-chlorobutyl sulfide." Toxicology 199(2-3): 195-206. Pubmed ID=15147793
Elsayed, N. M., S. T. Omaye, et al. (1989). "Response of mouse brain to a single subcutaneous injection of the monofunctional sulfur mustard, butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (BCS)*." Toxicology 58(1): 11-20. Pubmed ID=2815091
Epstein, S. S., E. Arnold, et al. (1972). "Detection of chemical mutagens: Dominant lethal assay in the mouse." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 23: 288-325.
Fan, L. J. and I. A. Bernstein (1991). "Effect of bis(beta-chloroethyl)sulfide (BCES) on base mismatch repair of DNA in monkey kidney cells." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 111(2): 233-41. Pubmed ID=1957309
Francova, V., S. Smolik, et al. (1988). "[Substances with antineoplastic effects. XCVI. Separation of (35S) cloturin in tissue, blood and the digestive system and its excretion in rats]." Cesk Farm 37(6): 246-50. Pubmed ID=3180266
Friedberg, K. D., K. Mengel, et al. (1983). "The action of azimexone on the cells of the hemopoietic system in mice, especially after damage with X-rays." Radiat Environ Biophys 22(2): 117-31. Pubmed ID=6611846
Gilman, M. R. (1982). Skin and eye testing in animals. Principles and methods of toxicology. A. W. Hayes. New York, NY, Raven Press: 209-222.
Gold, M. B., R. Bongiovanni, et al. (1993). Hypochlorite solution as a decontaminant in sulfur mustard contaminated skin defects in the euthymic hairless guinea pig. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Gold, M. B., R. Bongiovanni, et al. (1994). "Hypochlorite solution as a decontaminant in sulfur mustard contaminated skin defects in the euthymic hairless guinea pig." Drug Chem Toxicol 17(4): 499-527. Pubmed ID=7821235
Graef, I., D. A. Karnofsky, et al. (1948). "The clinical and pathologic effects of the nitrogen and sulphur mustards in laboratory animals." Am J Pathol 24: 1-47.
Graham, J. S., R. S. Stevenson, et al. (2006). Improved wound healing of cutaneous sulfur mustard injuries in a weanling pig model. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counteract ID1126
Gross, C. L., K. C. Giles, et al. (1997). "L-oxothiazolidine 4-carboxylate pretreatment of isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes reduces sulfur mustard cytotoxicity." Cell Biol Toxicol 13(3): 167-73. Pubmed ID=9088626
Gross, C. L., J. K. Innace, et al. (1993). "Biochemical manipulation of intracellular glutathione levels influences cytotoxicity to isolated human lymphocytes by sulfur mustard." Cell Biol Toxicol 9(3): 259-67. Pubmed ID=8299004
Guignabert, C., L. Taysse, et al. (2005). "Effect of doxycycline on sulfur mustard-induced respiratory lesions in guinea pigs." Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289(1): L67-74. Pubmed ID=15778244
Guittin, P., F. Schorch, et al. (1989). "Experimental pathology induced in rat by a single skin application of mustard gas." Pathol Res Pract 185: 68-69.
Hackett, P. L., L. B. Sasser, et al. (1988). Teratology studies of lewisite and sulfur mustard agents: effects of lewisite in rats and rabbits: final report: Part 2, Appendices. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I). Washington, D.C., Department of Energy.
Hambrook, J. L., J. M. Harrison, et al. (1992). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard (1,1'-thio-bis(2-chloroethane)): urinary and faecal excretion of 35S by rat after injection or cutaneous application of 35S-labelled sulphur mustard." Xenobiotica 22(1): 65-75. Pubmed ID=1615709
Hamilton, T. A., R. K. Kan, et al. (2004). An Immunohistochemical Approach to the Characterization of Cutaneous Wound Healing Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure in the Weanling Pig. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1077
Harada, S., A. M. Dannenberg, Jr., et al. (1987). "Inflammatory mediators and modulators released in organ culture from rabbit skin lesions produced in vivo by sulfur mustard. III. Electrophoretic protein fractions, trypsin-inhibitory capacity, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, and alpha 1- and alpha 2-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors of culture fluids and serum." Am J Pathol 126(1): 148-63. Pubmed ID=2433944
Heston, W. E. (1953). "Occurrence of tumors in mice injected subcutaneously with sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard." J Natl Cancer Inst 14(1): 131-40. Pubmed ID=13097144
Holmes, W. W., M. T. DeLion, et al. (2004). Hematology profile, serum clinical chemistry changes and thiodiglycol levels following sulfur mustard exposure in African green monkeys. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1094
Jafari, M. (2006). "Dose- and time-dependent effects of sulfur mustard on antioxidant system in liver and brain of rat." Toxicology. Pubmed ID=17222496
Kadar, T., E. Fishbeine, et al. (2000). "Treatment of skin injuries induced by sulfur mustard with calmodulin antagonists, using the pig model." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S133-6. Pubmed ID=11428625
Kam, C. M., J. Selzler, et al. (1997). "Enhanced serine protease activities in the sulfur mustard-exposed homogenates of hairless guinea pig skin." Int J Toxicol 16: 625-638.
Kan, R. K., C. M. Pleva, et al. (2003). "Sulfur mustard-induced apoptosis in hairless guinea pig skin." Toxicol Pathol 31(2): 185-90. Pubmed ID=12696578
Kindred, J. E. (1947). "Histological changes occurring in the hemopoietic organs of albino rats after single injections of 2-chloroethyl vesicants: A quantitative study." Arch of Path 43: 253-295.
King, J. R. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere (1990). "Cutaneous toxicity of 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide in isolated perfused porcine skin." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 104(1): 167-79. Pubmed ID=2360206
Koepke, S. R., M. B. Lrpeger-Koepke, et al. (1988). "Alkylation of DNA in rats by N-Nitrosomethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl) amine: Dose response and persistence of the alkylated lesions in vivo." Cancer Res 48: 1537-1542.
Kumar, O., K. Sugendran, et al. (2001). "Protective effect of various antioxidants on the toxicity of sulphur mustard administered to mice by inhalation or percutaneous routes." Chem Biol Interact 134(1): 1-12. Pubmed ID=11248218
Kumar, O. and R. Vijayaraghavan (1997). "Effect on physiological variables & urinary metabolites following a single dermal application of sulphur mustard in rats." Def Sci J 47(3): 389-394.
Kumar, O. and R. Vijayaraghavan (1998). "Effect of sulphur mustard inhalation exposure on some urinary variables in mice." J Appl Toxicol 18(4): 257-9. Pubmed ID=9719425
Kumar, P., U. S. Sharma, et al. (1991). "Study of the efficacy of CC-2 and Fuller's Earth Combination as a decontaminant against sulphur mustard (Mustard Gas) dermal intoxication in mice." Def Sci J 41(4): 363-366.
Lakshmana Rao, P. V., R. Vijayaraghavan, et al. (1999). "Sulphur mustard induced DNA damage in mice after dermal and inhalation exposure." Toxicology 139(1-2): 39-51. Pubmed ID=10614687
Lal, J., V. Kumar, et al. (2002). "LC determination of a sulphur mustard decontaminant CC-2 in rat serum." J Pharm Biomed Anal 29(4): 609-15. Pubmed ID=12093489
Langenberg, J. P., G. P. van der Schans, et al. (1998). "Toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard and its DNA-adducts in the hairless guinea pig." Drug Chem Toxicol 21 Suppl 1: 131-47. Pubmed ID=10028407
Levitt, J. M., A. K. vavra, et al. (2004). The Presence of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (Pmn) Affect the Severity of Sulfur Mustard Injury in the Mouse Ear Model. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1100
Lindsay, C. D., J. L. Hambrook, et al. (2004). "Examination of changes in connective tissue macromolecular components of large white pig skin following application of Lewisite vapour." J Appl Toxicol 24(1): 37-46. Pubmed ID=14745845
Logan, T. P., C. B. Millard, et al. (1999). "Cutaneous uptake of 14C-HD vapor by the hairless guinea pig." Drug Chem Toxicol 22(2): 375-87. Pubmed ID=10234473
Lundy, P. M., T. W. Sawyer, et al. (1998). "Effects of bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide on ATP receptor-mediated responses of the rat vas deferens: possible relationship to cytotoxicity." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285(1): 299-306. Pubmed ID=9536025
Maisonneuve, A., I. Callebat, et al. (1992). "Specific and sensitive quantitation of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide (sulphur mustard) in water, plasma and blood: application to toxicokinetic study in the rat after intravenous intoxication." J Chromatogr 583(2): 155-65. Pubmed ID=1478979
Maisonneuve, A., I. Callebat, et al. (1993). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard in rat: toxicokinetics and disposition." Xenobiotica 23(7): 771-80. Pubmed ID=8237059
Maisonneuve, A., I. Callebat, et al. (1994). "Distribution of [14C]sulfur mustard in rats after intravenous exposure." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 125(2): 281-7. Pubmed ID=8171436
Mann, I. and B. D. Pullinger (1944). "A study of mustard gas lesions on the eyes of rabbits and men." Am J Ophthmol 26: 1253-1277.
Marsh, J. C., D. R. Boggs, et al. (1967). "Factors influencing hematopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. I. The normal pattern of endogenous colony formation." J Exp Med 126(5): 833-49. Pubmed ID=6062002
Matijasevic, Z., M. L. Precopio, et al. (2001). "Repair of sulfur mustard-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells measured by a host cell reactivation assay." Carcinogenesis 22(4): 661-4. Pubmed ID=11285203
McClintock, S. D., L. M. Hoesel, et al. (2006). "Attenuation of half sulfur mustard gas-induced acute lung injury in rats." J Appl Toxicol 26(2): 126-31. Pubmed ID=16252256
Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., A. O. Inman, et al. (1999). "Immunohistochemical characterization of the basement membrane epitopes in bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide-induced toxicity in mouse ear skin." J Appl Toxicol 19(5): 313-28. Pubmed ID=10513676
Murphy, M. L. (1959). "A comparison of the teratogenic effects of five polyfunctional alkylating agents on the rat fetus." Pediatrics 23(1 Part 2): 231-44. Pubmed ID=13613885
Notingher, I., C. Green, et al. (2004). "Discrimination between ricin and sulphur mustard toxicity in vitro using Raman spectroscopy." J R Soc Interface 1(1): 79-90. Pubmed ID=16849154
Pant, S. C. and R. Vijayaraghavan (1999). "Histomorphological and histochemical alterations following short-term inhalation exposure to sulfur mustard on visceral organs of mice." Biomed Environ Sci 12(3): 201-13. Pubmed ID=10674184
Pant, S. C., R. Vijayaraghavan, et al. (2000). "Sulphur mustard induced oxidative stress and its prevention by sodium 2,3-dimercapto propane sulphonic acid (DMPS) in mice." Biomed Environ Sci 13(3): 225-32. Pubmed ID=11198225
Papirmeister, B., C. L. Gross, et al. (1984). "Pathology produced by sulfur mustard in human skin grafts on athymic nude mice: 1. Gross and light microscopic changes." J Toxicol Cutaneous Ocul Toxicol 3: 371-392.
Petrali, J. P., E. J. Dick, et al. (2000). "Acute ocular effects of mustard gas: ultrastructural pathology and immunohistopathology of exposed rabbit cornea." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S173-5. Pubmed ID=11428631
Pons, F., J. H. Calvet, et al. (2001). "Altered expression of lung cytochrome P450 3A1 in rat after exposure to sulfur mustard." Pharmacol Toxicol 88(1): 40-4. Pubmed ID=11169160
Powers, J. C., C. M. Kam, et al. (2000). "Cutaneous protease activity in the mouse ear vesicant model." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S177-82. Pubmed ID=11428632
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Pu, Y., P. Lin, et al. (1995). "Appearance of interleukin 1 alpha relates DNA interstrand cross-links and cytotoxicity in cultured human keratinocytes exposed to bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide." J Appl Toxicol 15(6): 477-82. Pubmed ID=8603935
Rao, P. V. L., R. Vijayaraghavan, et al. (1999). "Sulphur mustard induced DNA damage in mice after dermal and inhalation exposure." Toxicology 139: 39-51.
Reddy, G., M. A. Major, et al. (2005). "Toxicity assessment of thiodiglycol." Int J Toxicol 24(6): 435-42. Pubmed ID=16393936
Reddy, P. M. K., D. K. Dubey, et al. (1996). "Evaluation of CC-2 as a decontaminant at various time intervals against topically applied sulphur mustard in mice." Indian J Pharmacol 28: 227-231.
Reid, F. M., J. Graham, et al. (2000). "Sulfur mustard-induced skin burns in weanling swine evaluated clinically and histopathologically." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S153-60. Pubmed ID=11428629
Reid, F. M., J. S. Graham, et al. (2004). Development of a weanling swine model for sulfur mustard-induced superficial dermal injury. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1056
Reid, F. M., J. S. Graham, et al. (2004). Histopathologic characterization of a superficial dermal sulfur mustard-induced lesion in the weanling swine model. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1078
Rice, P. (2003). "Sulphur mustard injuries of the skin. Pathophysiology and management." Toxicol Rev 22(2): 111-8. Pubmed ID=15071821
Rice, P. and R. F. Brown (1999). "The development of Lewisite vapour induced lesions in the domestic, white pig." Int J Exp Pathol 80(1): 59-67. Pubmed ID=10365088
Ricketts, K. M., C. T. Santai, et al. (2000). "Inflammatory cytokine response in sulfur mustard-exposed mouse skin." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S73-6. Pubmed ID=11428647
Roberts, J. J. and V. P. Kotsaki-Kovatsi (1986). "Potentiation of sulphur mustard or cisplatin-induced toxicity by caffeine in Chinese hamster cells correlates with formation of DNA double-strand breaks during replication on a damaged template." Mutat Res 165(3): 207-20. Pubmed ID=3702902
Rogers, J. F., Y. W. Choi, et al. (2004). Gene expression in mice exposed to low and high levels of sulfur mustard. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1110
Rogers, J. V., Y. W. Choi, et al. (2004). "Microarray analysis of gene expression in murine skin exposed to sulfur mustard." J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18(6): 289-99. Pubmed ID=15674843
Sabourin, C. L., J. P. Petrali, et al. (2000). "Alterations in inflammatory cytokine gene expression in sulfur mustard-exposed mouse skin." J Biochem Mol Toxicol 14(6): 291-302. Pubmed ID=11083082
Sabourin, C. L., J. V. Rogers, et al. (2004). "Time- and dose-dependent analysis of gene expression using microarrays in sulfur mustard-exposed mice." J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18(6): 300-12. Pubmed ID=15674844
Sabourin, C. L., J. V. Rogers, et al. (2004). Time- and dose-dependent analysis of gene expression in sulfur mustard-exposed mice. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1112
Sasser, L. B., J. A. Cushing, et al. (1990). "Dominant lethal effect of sulfur mustard in rats." Toxicologist 10(1): 225.
Sasser, L. B., J. A. Cushing, et al. (1993). "Dominant lethal study of sulfur mustard in male and female rats." J Appl Toxicol 13(5): 359-68. Pubmed ID=8258633
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Sasser, L. B., R. A. Miller, et al. (1996). "Subchronic toxicity evaluation of sulfur mustard in rats." J Appl Toxicol 16(1): 5-13. Pubmed ID=8821670
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