*NEW* - Now you can search our entire library online, including many references not available on PubMed. Just click here.
The literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The reference library outlined below is an important component of our CounterACT Education and Training program run by Drs. Joshua Gray and Diane Heck.
References cataloged by subject:
Clinically-related publications:
(2000). "Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents. Introduction." J Toxicol Environ Health A 59(5-6): 281-526. Pubmed ID=10742829
Aasted, A., E. Darre, et al. (1987). "Mustard gas: clinical, toxicological, and mutagenic aspects based on modern experience." Ann Plast Surg 19(4): 330-3. Pubmed ID=3318637
Aasted, A., H. C. Wulf, et al. (1985). "[Fishermen exposed to mustard gas. Clinical experience and evaluation of the cancer risk]." Ugeskr Laeger 147(28): 2213-6. Pubmed ID=4060277
Abramowicz, M. (2002). "Prevention and treatment of injufry from chemical warfare agents." The Medical Letter: On drugs and therapeutics 44(1121): 1-4.
Aghanouri, R., M. Ghanei, et al. (2004). "Fibrogenic cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage aspirates 15 years after exposure to sulfur mustard." Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 287(6): L1160-4. Pubmed ID=15286001
Alexander, S. F. (1947). "Medical report of the Bari Harbor mustard casualties." Military Surgeon 101: 1-17.
Alpert, L. K. (1958). "Preliminary studies with sulfur mustard in human neoplastic diseases." Ann N Y Acad Sci 68(3): 1223-4. Pubmed ID=13627775
Amalric, P., P. Bessou, et al. (1965). "[Late recurrences of keratitis caused by mustard gas]." Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 65(2): 101-6. Pubmed ID=5828925
Assennato, G., F. Ambrosi, et al. (1997). "[Possible long-term effects on the respiratory system of exposure to yperite of fishermen]." Med Lav 88(2): 148-54. Pubmed ID=9312665
Attaran, D., M. Khajedaloui, et al. (2006). "Health-related quality of life in patients with chemical warfare-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Arch Iran Med 9(4): 359-63. Pubmed ID=17061610
Augerson, W. S., A. Sivak, et al. (1986). Chemical casualty treatment protocol development-treatment approaches. Cambridge, MA, Arthur D. Little, Inc. 2-4.
Axelrod, D. J. and J. G. Hamilton (1947). "Radio-autographic studies of the distribution of lewisite and mustard gas in skin and eye tissues." Am J Pathol 23: 389-411.
Azizi, F., A. Keshavarz, et al. (1995). "Reproductive function in men following exposure to chemical warfare with sulphur mustard." Med War 11(1): 34-44. Pubmed ID=7731411
Balali-Mood, M. (1986). First report of delayed toxic effects of yperite poisoning in Iranian fighters. Terrorism: Analysis and detection of explosives. Proc of the Second World Congress on new compounds in biological and chemical warfare. B. Heyndricks, Gent: Rijksuniversiteit: 489-495.
Balali-Mood, M. and M. Hefazi (2005). "The pharmacology, toxicology, and medical treatment of sulphur mustard poisoning." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 19(3): 297-315. Pubmed ID=15910653
Balali-Mood, M. and M. Hefazi (2006). "Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 99(4): 273-82. Pubmed ID=17040211
Balali-Mood, M., M. Hefazi, et al. (2005). "Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in severely intoxicated Iranian veterans." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 19(6): 713-21. Pubmed ID=16313284
Ballantyne, B. (1986). "Intramuscular prednisolone pretreatment does not influence the dermal lesions induced by topical sulfur mustard." Vet Hum Toxicol 28(3): 204-6. Pubmed ID=3727348
Beebe, G. W. (1960). "Lung cancer in World War I veterans: possible relation to mustard-gas injury and 1918 influenza epidemic." J Natl Cancer Inst 25: 1231-52. Pubmed ID=13688610
Beheshti, J., E. J. Mark, et al. (2006). "Mustard lung secrets: long term clinicopathological study following mustard gas exposure." Pathol Res Pract 202(10): 739-44. Pubmed ID=16887283
Benschop, H. P., G. P. van der Schans, et al. (1997). "Verification of exposure to sulfur mustard in two casualties of the Iran-Iraq conflict." J Anal Toxicol 21(4): 249-51. Pubmed ID=9248939
Berenblum, I. (1931). "The anti-carcinogenic action of dichlorodiethylsulphide (mustard gas)." J Pathol Bacteriol 34: 732-746.
Berenblum, I. (1935). "Experimental inhibition of tumor induction by mustard gas and other compounds." J Pathol Bacteriol 40: 549-558.
Braue Jr., E. H., J. S. Graham, et al. (2004). Non-invasive methods for determining lesion depth from vesicant exposure. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1057
Brown, R. F., P. Rice, et al. (1998). "The use of laser Doppler imaging as an aid in clinical management decision making in the treatment of vesicant burns." Burns 24(8): 692-8. Pubmed ID=9915668
Bullman, T. and H. Kang (2000). "A fifty year mortality follow-up study of veterans exposed to low level chemical warfare agent, mustard gGas." Ann Epidemiol 10(5): 333-8. Pubmed ID=10942882
Cameron, G. R., J. H. Gaddum, et al. (1946). "Absorption of war gasses by the nose." J Pathol Bacteriol 58: 449-455.
Capacio, B. R., J. R. Smith, et al. (2004). Forensic analysis: The detection of chemical warfare agent exposure in
biomedical samples. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1072
Capizzi, R. L., B. Papirmeister, et al. (1974). "The detection of chemical mutagens using the L5178y-Asn-murine leukemia in vitro and in a host-mediated assay." Cancer Res 34(11): 3073-82. Pubmed ID=4370835
Case, R. A. and A. J. Lea (1955). "Mustard gas poisoning, chronic bronchitis, and lung cancer; an investigation into the possibility that poisoning by mustard gas in the 1914-18 war might be a factor in the production of neoplasia." Br J Prev Soc Med 9(2): 62-72. Pubmed ID=14378527
Casillas, R. P., R. C. Kiser, et al. (2000). "Therapeutic approaches to dermatotoxicity by sulfur mustard. I. Modulaton of sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous injury in the mouse ear vesicant model." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S145-51. Pubmed ID=11428628
Clewell, H. J., 3rd and M. E. Andersen (1985). "Risk assessment extrapolations and physiological modeling." Toxicol Ind Health 1(4): 111-31. Pubmed ID=3843496
Creech, H. J., R. K. Preston, et al. (1972). "Antitumor and mutagenic properties of a variety of heterocyclic nitrogen and sulfur mustards." J Med Chem 15(7): 739-46. Pubmed ID=4557857
Dabney, B. J. (1991). Mustard gas MEDITEXT medical management. TOMES Plus Information System. A. H. Hall and B. H. Rumack. Denver, CO, Micromedex, Inc.
Dangi, R. S., K. Jeevaratnam, et al. (1994). "Solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sulphur mustard in blood." J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 661(2): 341-5. Pubmed ID=7894676
Dompeling, E., Q. Jobsis, et al. (2004). "Chronic bronchiolitis in a 5-yr-old child after exposure to sulphur mustard gas." Eur Respir J 23(2): 343-6. Pubmed ID=14979514
Drasch, G., E. Dretschmer, et al. (1987). "Concentrations of mustard gas bis-2-chloroethylsulfide in the tissue of a victim of a vesicant exposure." Forensic Sci 32: 1788-1793.
Easton, D. F., J. Peto, et al. (1988). "Cancers of the respiratory tract in mustard gas workers." Br J. Ind Med 45: 652-659.
Eldad, A., A. Weinberg, et al. (1998). "Early nonsurgical removal of chemically injured tissue enhances wound healing in partial thickness burns." Burns 24(2): 166-72. Pubmed ID=9625245
Emad, A. and Y. Emad (2006). "Increase in CD8 T lymphocytes in the BAL fluid of patients with sulfur mustard gas-induced pulmonary fibrosis." Respir Med. Pubmed ID=16982181
Emad, A. and Y. Emad (2007). "CD4/CD8 ratio and cytokine levels of the BAL fluid in patients with bronchiectasis caused by sulfur mustard gas inhalation." J Inflamm (Lond) 4: 2. Pubmed ID=17224076
Emad, A. and Y. Emad (2007). "Levels of cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in patients with pulmonary fibrosis due to sulfur mustard gas inhalation." J Interferon Cytokine Res 27(1): 38-43. Pubmed ID=17266442
Emad, A. and G. R. Rezaian (1997). "The diversity of the effects of sulfur mustard gas inhalation on respiratory system 10 years after a single, heavy exposure: analysis of 197 cases." Chest 112(3): 734-8. Pubmed ID=9315808
Emad, A. and G. R. Rezaian (1999). "Characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with sulfur mustard gas-induced asthma or chronic bronchitis." Am J Med 106(6): 625-8. Pubmed ID=10378619
Emad, A. and G. R. Rezaian (1999). "Immunoglobulins and cellular constituents of the BAL fluid of patients with sulfur mustard gas-induced pulmonary fibrosis." Chest 115(5): 1346-51. Pubmed ID=10334151
Etezad-Razavi, M., M. Mahmoudi, et al. (2006). "Delayed ocular complications of mustard gas poisoning and the relationship with respiratory and cutaneous complications." Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 34(4): 342-6. Pubmed ID=16764654
Ferguson, L. R. and P. M. Turner (1988). "Mitotic crossing-over by anti-cancer drugs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D5." Mutat Res 204: 239-250.
Guild, W. J. F., K. P. Harrison, et al. (1941). The effect of mustard gas vapour on the eyes. Great Britain, Chemical Board, Physiological Sub-Committee and Panel of Ophthalmic Specialists: Porton Report No. 2297.
Hefazi, M., D. Attaran, et al. (2005). "Late respiratory complications of mustard gas poisoning in Iranian veterans." Inhal Toxicol 17(11): 587-92. Pubmed ID=16033754
Hefazi, M., M. Maleki, et al. (2006). "Delayed complications of sulfur mustard poisoning in the skin and the immune system of Iranian veterans 16-20 years after exposure." Int J Dermatol 45(9): 1025-31. Pubmed ID=16961503
Heully, F. and M. Gruinger (1956). "Collective intoxication caused by the explosion of a mustard gas shell." Annales de Medecine Legale 36: 195-204 (French).
Heyndrickx, A. and B. Heyndrickx (1984). "Treatment of Iranian soldiers attacked by chemical and microbiological war gases." Arch Belges (Supplement): S157-S159.
Hosseini, K., A. Moradi, et al. (1989). "Pulmonary manifestations of mustard gas injury: a review of 61 cases." Iran J Med Sci 14(2): 20-26.
Inada, S., K. Hiragun, et al. (1978). "Multiple Bowens disease observed in former workers of a poison gas factory in Japan with special reference to mustard gas exposure." J Dermatol 5: 49-60.
Jakubowski, E. M., F. R. Sidell, et al. (2000). "Quantification of thiodiglycol in human urine after an accidental sulfur mustard exposure." Toxicol Meth 10: 143-150.
Kjellstrom, B. T., J. K. Persson, et al. (1997). "Surgical treatment of skin lesions induced by sulfur mustard ("mustard gas")--an experimental study in the guinea pig." Ann Acad Med Singapore 26(1): 30-6. Pubmed ID=9140575
Klain, G. J., S. T. Omaye, et al. (1991). "Ocular toxicity of systemic and topical exposure to butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide." J Toxicol Cutaneous Ocul Toxicol 10(4): 289-302.
Knezevic, D. L. and V. Tadic (1996). "[Radioprotective agents in the decontamination of rats poisoned with percutaneously administered mustard gas]." Vojnosanit Pregl 53(5): 373-6. Pubmed ID=9229954
Kurozumi, S., Y. Harada, et al. (1977). "Airway malignancy in poisonous gas workers." J Laryngol Otol 91(3): 217-25. Pubmed ID=850101
Lemen, R. A. (1986). "Occupationally induced lung cancer epidemiology." Occup Respir Dis 629-656.
Leslie, K. S., G. W. Millington, et al. (2004). "Sulphur and skin: from Satan to Saddam!" J Cosmet Dermatol 3(2): 94-8. Pubmed ID=17147562
Levitt, J. M., A. K. Vavra, et al. (2004). Sulfur mustard primes phagocytosis and degranulation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1099
Lohs, K. (1975). Delayed toxic effects of chemical warfare agents. Stockholm and New York, Almquist & Wiksell.
Mahmoudi, M., M. Hefazi, et al. (2005). "Long-term hematological and immunological complications of sulfur mustard poisoning in Iranian veterans." Int Immunopharmacol 5(9): 1479-85. Pubmed ID=15953574
Mandl, H. and G. Freilinger (1984). "First report on victims of chemical warfare in the Gulf-war treated in Vienna." Arch Belg Suppl: 330-40. Pubmed ID=6535483
Mann, I. and B. D. Pullinger (1944). "A study of mustard gas lesions on the eyes of rabbits and men." Am J Ophthmol 26: 1253-1277.
Manning, K. P., D. C. Skegg, et al. (1981). "Cancer of the larynx and other occupational hazards of mustard gas workers." Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 6(3): 165-70. Pubmed ID=7261452
Milner, S. M., S. Bhat, et al. (2004). Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging following thermal and sulfur mustard injury. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review. Counteract ID1058
Mirsadraee, M., D. Attaran, et al. (2005). "Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in chemical warfare victims." Respiration 72(5): 523-8. Pubmed ID=15988169
Momeni, A. Z. and M. Aminjavaheri (1994). "Skin manifestations of mustard gas in a group of 14 children and teenagers: a clinical study." Int J Dermatol 33(3): 184-7. Pubmed ID=8169017
Morgenstern, P., F. Koss, et al. (1947). "Residual mustard gas bronchitis; effects of prolonged exposure to low concentrations." Ann Intern Med 26: 27-40.
Morselli, P. L., R. Franco-Morselli, et al. (1980). "Clinical pharmacokinetics in newborns and infants. Age-related differences and therapeutic implications." Clin Pharmacokinet 5(6): 485-527. Pubmed ID=7002417
Munro, N. B., A. P. Watson, et al. (1990). "Treating exposure to chemical warfare agents: implications for health care providers and community emergency planning." Environ Health Perspect 89: 205-15. Pubmed ID=2088748
Murray VS, V. G. (1991). "Management of injuries due to chemical weapons." Br Med J 19: 302(6769):129-30.
NAC/AEGL (2001). Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for sulfur mustard (Agent HD). Final acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs). National Advisory Committee on Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances.
Naghii, M. R. (2002). "Sulfur mustard intoxication, oxidative stress, and antioxidants." Mil Med 167(7): 573-5. Pubmed ID=12125850
Nagy, S. M., D. Columbic, et al. (1946). "The penetration of vesicant vapors into human skin." J Gen Physiol 29: 441-445.
Nakamura, T. (1956). "Studies on the warfare gas-injury in Japan. Report I: On the general condition of the poison gas island." Hiroshima Med J 4: 1141-1149 (Japanese).
Naraghi, Z. S., P. Mansouri, et al. (2005). "A clinicopathological study on acute cutaneous lesions induced by sulfur mustard gas (yperite)." Eur J Dermatol 15(3): 140-5. Pubmed ID=15908294
Newman-Taylor, A. J. and A. J. Morris (1991). "Experience with mustard gas casualties." Lancet 337(8735): 242. Pubmed ID=1670873
Nishimoto, Y., B. Burrows, et al. (1970). "Chronic obstructive lung disease in Japanese poison gas workers." Am Rev Respir Dis 102(2): 173-9. Pubmed ID=5431873
Nishimoto, Y., M. Yamakido, et al. (1988). Epidemiological studies of lung cancer in Japanese mustard gas workers. Unusual occurrences as clues to cancer etiology. R. W. Miller, et al. Tokyo, Japan, Japan Science Society Press: 95-101.
Nishimoto, Y., M. Yamakido, et al. (1983). "Long-term observation of poison gas workers with special reference to respiratory cancers." J Uoeh 5 Suppl: 89-94. Pubmed ID=6091215
Norman, J. E., Jr. (1975). "Lung cancer mortality in World War I veterans with mustard-gas injury: 1919-1965." J Natl Cancer Inst 54(2): 311-7. Pubmed ID=1113317
NRC (1999). Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents. Washington, DC, National Academy Press.
NRC (2000). Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents. Washington, DC, National Academy Press.
Papirmeister, B., A. F. Feister, et al. (1991). Medical defense against mustard gas: Toxic mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
Pauser, G., A. Aloy, et al. (1984). "Lethal intoxication by wargases on Iranian soldiers. Therapeutic interventions on survivors of mustard gas and mycotoxin immersion." Arch Belg Suppl: 341-51. Pubmed ID=6535484
Peters, R. A. (1947). "Biochemical research at Oxford upon mustard gas." Nature 4031: 149-153.
Pour-Jafari, H. (1992). "Fetal deaths and parental exposure to chemical warfare agents." Med J Islamic Rep Iran 6: 87-88.
Pour-Jafari, H. (1994). "Congenital malformations in the progenies of Iranian chemical victims." Vet Hum Toxicol 36(6): 562-3. Pubmed ID=7900280
Pour-Jafari, H. (1994). "Secondary sex ratios in progenies of Iranian chemical victims." Vet Hum Toxicol 36(5): 475-6. Pubmed ID=7839578
Pour-Jafari, H. and A. A. Moushtaghi (1992). "Alterations of libido in gased Iranian men." Vet Hum Toxicol 34(6): 547. Pubmed ID=1287977
Price, E. O., J. R. Smith, et al. (2000). "MALDI-ToF/MS as a diagnostic tool for the confirmation of sulfur mustard exposure." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S193-7. Pubmed ID=11428636
Registry, A. f. T. S. a. D. (1989). "Decision guide for identifying substance-specific data needs related to toxicological profiles." Notice. Fed Regist 54(174): 37618-37634.
Requena, L., C. Requena, et al. (1988). "Chemical warfare. Cutaneous lesions from mustard gas." J Am Acad Dermatol 19(3): 529-36. Pubmed ID=3049698
Rice, P., R. F. Brown, et al. (2000). "Dermabrasion--a novel concept in the surgical management of sulphur mustard injuries." Burns 26(1): 34-40. Pubmed ID=10630317
Romano, J. A., Jr. and J. M. King (2001). "Psychological casualties resulting from chemical and biological weapons." Mil Med 166(12 Suppl): 21-2. Pubmed ID=11778422
Rommerim, R. L. and P. L. Hackett (1986). "Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of the mustards." Teratology 33: 70C.
Ruhl, C. M., S. J. Park, et al. (1994). "A serious skin sulfur mustard burn from an artillery shell." J Emerg Med 12(2): 159-66. Pubmed ID=8207150
Safaei, A., R. Saluti, et al. (2001). "Conjunctival dysplasia in soldiers exposed to mustard gas during the Iraq-Iran war: scrape cytology." Acta Cytol 45(6): 909-13. Pubmed ID=11726116
Safarinejad, M. R., S. A. Moosavi, et al. (2001). "Ocular injuries caused by mustard gas: diagnosis, treatment, and medical defense." Mil Med 166(1): 67-70. Pubmed ID=11197102
Sidell, F. R. and C. G. Hurst (1992). Clinical considerations in mustard poisoning. Chemical warfare agents. A. M. Somani. New York, NY, Academic Press: 51-67.
Sinclair, D. C. (1948). "The clinical features of mustard-gas poisoning in man." Br Med J 290-294.
Smith, J. R., B. R. Capacio, et al. (2004). Chemical forensics: Verification of chemical warfare agent exposure in biomedical samples. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1124
Smith, K. J. (1999). "The prevention and treatment of cutaneous injury secondary to chemical warfare agents. Application of these finding to other dermatologic conditions and wound healing." Dermatol Clin 17(1): 41-60, viii. Pubmed ID=9986995
Smith, K. J., C. G. Hurst, et al. (1995). "Sulfur mustard: its continuing threat as a chemical warfare agent, the cutaneous lesions induced, progress in understanding its mechanism of action, its long-term health effects, and new developments for protection and therapy." J Am Acad Dermatol 32(5 Pt 1): 765-76. Pubmed ID=7722023
Smith, K. J. and H. Skelton (2003). "Chemical warfare agents: their past and continuing threat and evolving therapies. Part II of II." Skinmed 2(5): 297-303. Pubmed ID=14673262
Smith, M. G. (2004). The mustard consortium’s elucidation of the pathophysiology of sulfur mustard and antidote development. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1114
Smith, W. J. and M. A. Dunn (1991). "Medical defense against blistering chemical warfare agents." Arch Dermatol 127(8): 1207-13. Pubmed ID=1863081
Taher, A. A. (1992). "Cleft lip and palate in Tehran." Cleft Palate Craniofac J 29(1): 15-6. Pubmed ID=1547245
Takeshima, Y., K. Inai, et al. (1994). "Accelerated paper, p53 mutations in lung cancers from Japanese mustard gas workers." Carcinogenesis 15(10): 2075-2079.
ten Berge, W., A. Zwart, et al. (1986). "Concentration-time mortality response relationship of irritant and systematically acting vapours and gases." J Hazard Mater 13(3): 301-309.
Thomsen, A. B., J. Eriksen, et al. (1998). "Chronic neuropathic symptoms after exposure to mustard gas: a long-term investigation." J Am Acad Dermatol 39(2 Pt 1): 187-90. Pubmed ID=9704826
Thorne, G. D., C. L. Ponce, et al. (2004). Sulfur Mustard Causes Changes in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Structural Integrity and Functional Protein Expression. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1120
Tokuoka, S., Y. Hayashi, et al. (1986). "Early cancer and related lesions in the bronchial epithelium in former workers of mustard gas factory." Acta Pathol Jpn 36(4): 533-42. Pubmed ID=3014812
Truhaut, R. and G. Deysson (1959). "[Comparison of the antimitotic properties of mechlorethamine-N-oxide with those of its sulfur homologue (yperite) and of nitrogen (nitrogen mustard).]." C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci 248(5): 732-4. Pubmed ID=13629918
Turnquist, S., M. Smith, et al. (2004). The Effect of Sulfur Mustard on Primary Macrophages: Implications for Potential Acute Exposure Therapies. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1074
Uhrig, H. T. (1962). "Some medical aspects of chemical agents." J M A Alabama 32: 144-150.
van der Schans, G. P., R. Mars-Groenendijk, et al. (2004). "Standard operating procedure for immunuslotblot assay for analysis of DNA/sulfur mustard adducts in human blood and skin." J Anal Toxicol 28(5): 316-9. Pubmed ID=15239849
van der Schans, G. P., D. Noort, et al. (2002). "Immunochemical detection of sulfur mustard adducts with keratins in the stratum corneum of human skin." Chem Res Toxicol 15(1): 21-5. Pubmed ID=11800593
van der Schans, G. P., A. G. Scheffer, et al. (1994). "Immunochemical detection of adducts of sulfur mustard to DNA of calf thymus and human white blood cells." Chem Res Toxicol 7(3): 408-13. Pubmed ID=8075373
Van Vloten, W. A., A. C. Cooijmans, et al. (1993). "Concentrations of nitrogen mustard in the air during topical treatment of patients with mycosis fungoides." Br J Dermatol 128(4): 404-6. Pubmed ID=8494753
Vidan, A., S. Luria, et al. (2002). "Ocular injuries following sulfur mustard exposure: clinical characteristics and treatment." Isr Med Assoc J 4(7): 577-8. Pubmed ID=12120478
Vogt, R. F., Jr., A. M. Dannenberg, Jr., et al. (1984). "Pathogenesis of skin lesions caused by sulfur mustard." Fundam Appl Toxicol 4(2 Pt 2): S71-83. Pubmed ID=6233199
Vycudilik, W. (1985). "Detection of mustard gas bis(2-chloroethyl)-sulfide in urine." Forensic Sci Int 28(2): 131-6. Pubmed ID=4043896
Wada, S., M. Miyanishi, et al. (1968). "Mustard gas as a cause of respiratory neoplasia in man." Lancet 1(7553): 1161-3. Pubmed ID=4172287
Wada, S., Y. Nishimoto, et al. (1962). "Malignant respiratory tract neoplasms related to poison gas exposure." Hiroshima J Med Sci 11: 81-91.
Warthin, A. S. and C. V. Weller (1919). The medical aspects of mustard gas poisoning. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby.
Watson, A., D. Opresko, et al. (2006). "Development and application of acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for chemical warfare nerve and sulfur mustard agents." J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 9(3): 173-263. Pubmed ID=16621779
Watson, A. P., T. D. Jones, et al. (1989). "Sulfur mustard as a carcinogen: application of relative potency analysis to the chemical warfare agents H, HD, and HT." Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 10(1): 1-25. Pubmed ID=2672125
Weiss, A. and B. Weiss (1975). "[Carcinogenesis due to mustard gas exposure in man, important sign for therapy with alkylating agents]." Dtsch Med Wochenschr 100(17): 919-23. Pubmed ID=1122860
Werrlein, R. J. and C. R. Braue (2004). Sulfur mustard disrupts human α3β1-integrin receptors in concert with α6β4-integrin receptors and collapse of the keratin K5/K14 cytoskeleton. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract ID1122
Wils, E. R., A. G. Hulst, et al. (1985). "Analysis of thiodiglycol in urine of victims of an alleged attack with mustard gas." J Anal Toxicol 9(6): 254-7. Pubmed ID=4079337
Wils, E. R., A. G. Hulst, et al. (1988). "Analysis of thiodiglycol in urine of victims of an alleged attack with mustard gas, Part II." J Anal Toxicol 12(1): 15-9. Pubmed ID=3352237
Wils, E. R. J. (1987). Analysis of thiodiglycol in urine of victims of an alleged attack with mustard gas. Part II. Netherlands, Prins Maurits Laboratorium, Institute for Chemical and Technological Research.
Winternitz, M. C. and W. P. Finney, Jr. (1920). The pathology of mustard poisoning. Pathology of war gas poisoning. M. C. Winternitz. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press: 101-111.
Wulf, H. C., A. Aasted, et al. (1985). "Sister chromatid exchanges in fishermen exposed to leaking mustard gas shells." Lancet 1(8430): 690-1. Pubmed ID=2858631
Yamada, A., F. Hirose, et al. (1953). "[An autopsy case of bronchial carcinoma found in a patient succumbed to occupational mustard gas poisoning.]." Gan 44(2-3): 216-8. Pubmed ID=13128117
Yamada, A., F. Hirose, et al. (1957). "Five cases of cancer of the larynx found in persons who suffered from occupational mustard gas poisoning." Gann 48: 366-368.
Yamakido, M., S. Ishioka, et al. (1996). "Former poison gas workers and cancer: incidence and inhibition of tumor formation by treatment with biological response modifier N-CWS." Environ Health Perspect 104 Suppl 3: 485-8. Pubmed ID=8781369
Yamakido, M., Y. Nishimoto, et al. (1985). "Study of genetic effects of sulphur mustard gas on former workers of Ohkunojima Poison Gas Factory and their offspring." Hiroshima J Med Sci 34(3): 311-22. Pubmed ID=4066398
Yamakido, M., J. Yanagida, et al. (1986). "Immune functions of former poison gas workers. I. Mitogenic response of lymphocytes and serum factors." Hiroshima J Med Sci 35(2): 117-26. Pubmed ID=3771270
Yanagida, J., S. Hozawa, et al. (1988). "Somatic mutation in peripheral lymphocytes of former workers at the Okunojima poison gas factory." Jpn J Cancer Res 79(12): 1276-83. Pubmed ID=3148597
Young, C. L., D. Ash, et al. (2004). "A rapid, sensitive method for the quantitation of specific metabolites of sulfur mustard in human urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." J Anal Toxicol 28(5): 339-45. Pubmed ID=15239853
Zarchi, K., A. Akbar, et al. (2004). "Long-term pulmonary complications in combatants exposed to mustard gas: a historical cohort study." Int J Epidemiol 33(3): 579-81. Pubmed ID=15163642
