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The literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The reference library outlined below is an important component of our CounterACT Education and Training program run by Drs. Joshua Gray and Diane Heck.
References cataloged by subject:
Ocular Effects of Sulfur Mustard
General Ocular Publications:
Aasted, A., E. Darre, et al. (1987). "Mustard gas: clinical, toxicological, and mutagenic aspects based on modern experience." Ann Plast Surg 19(4): 330-3. Pubmed=3318637
Aasted, A., H. C. Wulf, et al. (1985). "[Fishermen exposed to mustard gas. Clinical experience and evaluation of the cancer risk]." Ugeskr Laeger 147(28): 2213-6. Pubmed=4060277
Amir, A., S. Dachir, et al. (2004). The corneal epithelium in sulfur mustard ocular injury-In vitro and ex vivo studies. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract # 1080
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2004). Evaluation of Protease Inhibitors in Sulfur Mustard Ocular Injuries. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract # 1079
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2000). "Beneficial effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced ocular lesions in rabbits." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S109-14. Pubmed=11428620
Amitai, G., R. Adani, et al. (2005). "Bifunctional compounds eliciting anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinesterase activity as potential treatment of nerve and blister chemical agents poisoning." Chem Biol Interact 157-158: 361-2. Pubmed=16498717
Anderson, J. S. (1942). The effect of mustard gas vapour on eyes under Indian hot weather conditions, CDRE (India).
Angelov, A., L. Belchev, et al. (1996). "Study of some toxic effects of sulfur mustard gas on broiler chickens." Vet Archiv 66: 27-34.
Axelrod, D. J. and J. G. Hamilton (1947). "Radio-autographic studies of the distribution of lewisite and mustard gas in skin and eye tissues." Am J Pathol 23: 389-411.
Balali-Mood, M. and M. Hefazi (2006). "Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 99(4): 273-82. Pubmed=17040211
Balali-Mood, M., M. Hefazi, et al. (2005). "Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in severely intoxicated Iranian veterans." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 19(6): 713-21. Pubmed=16313284
Battista, S. P. and E. S. J. McSweeny (1965). "Approaches to a quantitative method for testing eye irritation." J Soc Cosmet Chem 16: 119-131.
Clemedson, C. J., H. Kristoffersson, et al. (1963). "Whole body autoradiographic studies of the distribution of sulphur 35-labelled mustard gas in mice." Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol 1: 314-20. Pubmed=14073976
Dahl, H., B. Gluud, et al. (1985). "Eye lesions induced by mustard gas." Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 173: 30-1. Pubmed=3002096
Etezad-Razavi, M., M. Mahmoudi, et al. (2006). "Delayed ocular complications of mustard gas poisoning and the relationship with respiratory and cutaneous complications." Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 34(4): 342-6. Pubmed=16764654
Friedenwald, J. S. and W. Buschke (1948). "Nuclear fragmentation produced by mustard and nitrogen mustards in the corneal epithelium." Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 82: 161-177.
Friedenwald, J. S., R. O. Scholz, et al. (1948). "Primary reaction of mustard with the corneal epithelium." Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 82: 102-120.
Gilman, M. R. (1982). Skin and eye testing in animals. Principles and methods of toxicology. A. W. Hayes. New York, NY, Raven Press: 209-222.
Guild, W. J. F., K. P. Harrison, et al. (1941). The effect of mustard gas vapour on the eyes. Great Britain, Chemical Board, Physiological Sub-Committee and Panel of Ophthalmic Specialists: Porton Report No. 2297.
Hughes, W. F., Jr. (1942). "Mustard gas injuries to the eyes." Arch Ophthamol 27: 582-601.
Kadar, T., S. Dachir, et al. (2004). Nerve-epithelial interactions in sulfur mustard ocular injuries. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract # 1096
Kadar, T., J. Turetz, et al. (2001). "Characterization of acute and delayed ocular lesions induced by sulfur mustard in rabbits." Curr Eye Res 22(1): 42-53. Pubmed=11402378
Mann, I. (1944). "A study of eighty-four cases of delayed mustard gas keratitis fitted with contact lenses." Br J Ophthal 28: 441-447.
Mann, I. and B. D. Pullinger (1944). "A study of mustard gas lesions on the eyes of rabbits and men." Am J Ophthmol 26: 1253-1277.
Marzulli, F. N. and M. E. Simon (1971). "Eye irritation from topically applied drugs and cosmetics: preclinical studies." Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 48(1): 61-79. Pubmed=4993500
Maumenee, A. E. and R. O. Scholz (1948). "The histopathology of the ocular lesions produced by sulfur and nitrogen mustards." Bull John Hopkins Hosp 82: 121-147.
Maurice, D. M. and A. A. Giardini (1951). "A simple optical apparatus for measuring the corneal thickness, and the average thickness of the human cornea." Br J Ophthalmol 35(3): 169-77. Pubmed=14821293
Merat, S., J. P. Perez, et al. (2003). "[Acute poisoning by chemical warfare agent: sulfur mustard]." Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 22(2): 108-18. Pubmed=12706764
Mishima, S. and B. O. Hedbys (1968). "Measurement of corneal thickness with the Haag-Streit pachometer." Arch Ophthalmol 80(6): 710-3. Pubmed=5699322
Naik, R., N. Chilukuri, et al. (2004). Human corneal epithelial cells: An in vitro model for evaluating ocular injury
by vesicating agents. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counteract # 1104
Petrali, J. P., E. J. Dick, et al. (2000). "Acute ocular effects of mustard gas: ultrastructural pathology and immunohistopathology of exposed rabbit cornea." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S173-5. Pubmed=11428631
Safarinejad, M. R., S. A. Moosavi, et al. (2001). "Ocular injuries caused by mustard gas: diagnosis, treatment, and medical defense." Mil Med 166(1): 67-70. Pubmed=11197102
Solberg, Y., M. Alcalay, et al. (1997). "Ocular injury by mustard gas." Surv Ophthalmol 41(6): 461-6. Pubmed=9220568
Vidan, A., S. Luria, et al. (2002). "Ocular injuries following sulfur mustard exposure: clinical characteristics and treatment." Isr Med Assoc J 4(7): 577-8. Pubmed=12120478
Wormser, U. (1991). "Toxicology of mustard gas." Trends Pharmacol Sci 12(4): 164-7. Pubmed=2063482
