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The literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The reference library outlined below is an important component of our CounterACT Education and Training program run by Drs. Joshua Gray and Diane Heck.
References cataloged by subject:
Proinflammatory effects of vesicating agents:
Aasted, A., E. Darre, et al. (1987). "Mustard gas: clinical, toxicological, and mutagenic aspects based on modern experience." Ann Plast Surg 19(4): 330-3. Pubmed ID=3318637
Abe, Y., K. Sugisaki, et al. (1996). "Rabbit vascular endothelial adhesion molecules: ELAM-1 is most elevated in acute inflammation, whereas VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 predominate in chronic inflammation." J Leukoc Biol 60(6): 692-703. Pubmed ID=8975870
Amir, A., S. Chapman, et al. (2000). "Sulfur mustard toxicity in macrophages: effect of dexamethasone." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S51-8. Pubmed ID=11428643
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2004). Evaluation of Protease Inhibitors in Sulfur Mustard Ocular Injuries. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1079
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2000). "Beneficial effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced ocular lesions in rabbits." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S109-14. Pubmed ID=11428620
Amitai, G., R. Adani, et al. (2005). "Bifunctional compounds eliciting anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinesterase activity as potential treatment of nerve and blister chemical agents poisoning." Chem Biol Interact 157-158: 361-2. Pubmed ID=16498717
Anderson, D. R., S. L. Byers, et al. (1997). "Biochemical alterations in rat lung lavage fluid following acute sulfur mustard inhalation." Inhal Toxicol 9: 43-51.
Anderson, D. R., S. L. Byers, et al. (2000). "Treatment of sulfur mustard (HD)-induced lung injury." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S129-32. Pubmed ID=11428623
Anderson, D. R., W. W. Holmes, et al. (2006). "Sulfur mustard-induced neutropenia: treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor." Mil Med 171(5): 448-53. Pubmed ID=16761898
Anderson, D. R., W. W. Holmes, et al. (2004). Sulfur Mustard Induced Neutropenia: Treatment with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and pegylated –G-CSF. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscientific Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1081
Anderson, D. R., J. J. Yourick, et al. (1996). "Pathologic changes in rat lungs following acute sulfur mustard inhalation." Inhal Toxicol 8: 295-297.
Andrzejewski, S. and J. Scianowski (1975). "Recovery pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) total activity changes induced with sulphur mustard in internal organ tissue and serum of rats." Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 23(11): 773-6. Pubmed ID=1218392
Arroyo, C. M., C. A. Broomfield, et al. (2001). "The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human sulfur mustard (HD) toxicology." Int J Toxicol 20(5): 281-96. Pubmed ID=11766126
Arroyo, C. M., D. L. Burman, et al. (2004). "TNF-alpha expression patterns as potential molecular biomarker for human skin cells exposed to vesicant chemical warfare agents: sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L)." Cell Biol Toxicol 20(6): 345-59. Pubmed ID=15868479
Arroyo, C. M., D. L. Burman, et al. (2004). Neutralization effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibodies on sulfur mustard (HD)-induced IL-6 secretion on human epidermal keratinocytes. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1082
Arroyo, C. M., D. L. Burmon, et al. (2004). TNF-α Expression Patterns as Potential Molecular Biomarker for Human Skin Cells Exposed to Vesicant Chemical Warfare Agents: Sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L). Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1083
Arroyo, C. M., R. K. Kan, et al. (2003). "Regulation of 1-alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 induced by sulfur mustard (HD) on human skin cells." Pharmacol Toxicol 92(5): 204-13. Pubmed ID=12753408
Arroyo, C. M., R. J. Schafer, et al. (1999). "Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure." Hum Exp Toxicol 18(1): 1-11. Pubmed ID=10025362
Arroyo, C. M., R. J. Schafer, et al. (2000). "Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard: cytokine release." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S63-72. Pubmed ID=11428645
Azizi, F., M. Amini, et al. (1993). "Time course of changes in free thyroid indices, rT3, TSH, cortisol and ACTH following exposure to sulfur mustard." Exp Clin Endocrinol 101(5): 303-6. Pubmed ID=8299707
Blaha, M., W. Bowers, Jr., et al. (2000). "Il-1-related cytokine responses of nonimmune skin cells subjected to CEES exposure with and without potential vesicant antagonists." In Vitr Mol Toxicol 13(2): 99-111. Pubmed ID=11031321
Blaha, M., W. Bowers, Jr., et al. (2000). "Effects of CEES on inflammatory mediators, heat shock protein 70A, histology and ultrastructure in two skin models." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S101-8. Pubmed ID=11428619
Blank, J. A., L. A. Lane, et al. (2000). "Procedure for assessing myeloperoxidase and inflammatory mediator responses in hairless mouse skin." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S137-9. Pubmed ID=11428626
Bongiovanni, R., C. B. Millard, et al. (1993). Estimation of neutrophil infiltration into hairless guinea pig skin treated with 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Clark, E. and W. J. Smith (1993). Activation of poly (ADP-RIBOSE) polymerase by sulfur mustard in hela cell cultures. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Cowan, F. M., W. J. Smith, et al. (2004). Sulfur mustard- and phosgene- increased IL-8 in human small airway cell cultures: Implications for medical countermeasures against inhalation toxicity. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1073
Tsuruta, J., K. Sugisaki, et al. (1996). "The cytokines NAP-1 (IL-8), MCP-1, IL-1 beta, and GRO in rabbit inflammatory skin lesions produced by the chemical irritant sulfur mustard." Inflammation 20(3): 293-318. Pubmed ID=8796382
Turnquist, S., M. Smith, et al. (2004). The Effect of Sulfur Mustard on Primary Macrophages: Implications for Potential Acute Exposure Therapies. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1074
Valeriote, F. and H. E. Grates (1986). "Potentiation of nitrogen mustard cytotoxicity to leukemia cells by sulfur-containing compounds administered in vivo." Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12(7): 1165-9. Pubmed ID=3744935
van der Schans, G. P., A. G. Scheffer, et al. (1994). "Immunochemical detection of adducts of sulfur mustard to DNA of calf thymus and human white blood cells." Chem Res Toxicol 7(3): 408-13. Pubmed ID=8075373
Vavra, A. K., C. J. Laurent, et al. (2004). "Sulfur mustard primes phagocytosis and degranulation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes." Int Immunopharmacol 4(3): 437-45. Pubmed ID=15037221
Venkateswaran, K. S. and N. Venkateswaran (1992). "Antibodies to sulfur mustard." Immunol Lett 34(2): 173-6. Pubmed ID=1301058
Vijayaraghavan, R., K. Sugendran, et al. (1991). "Dermal intoxication of mice with bis(2-chloroethyl)sulphide and the protective effect of flavonoids." Toxicology 69(1): 35-42. Pubmed ID=1926154
Wormser, U., B. Brodsky, et al. (2005). "Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sulfur mustard-induced skin lesion; effect of topical iodine." Arch Toxicol 79(11): 660-70. Pubmed ID=16001271
Wormser, U., B. Brodsky, et al. (2002). "Topical treatment with povidone iodine reduces nitrogen mustard-induced skin collagenolytic activity." Arch Toxicol 76(2): 119-21. Pubmed ID=11914782
Wormser, U., A. Sintov, et al. (2004). "Protective effect of topical iodine containing anti-inflammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced skin lesions." Arch Toxicol 78(3): 156-66. Pubmed ID=14618300
Yamakido, M., J. Yanagida, et al. (1986). "Immune functions of former poison gas workers. I. Mitogenic response of lymphocytes and serum factors." Hiroshima J Med Sci 35(2): 117-26. Pubmed ID=3771270
Yanagida, J., S. Hozawa, et al. (1988). "Somatic mutation in peripheral lymphocytes of former workers at the Okunojima poison gas factory." Jpn J Cancer Res 79(12): 1276-83. Pubmed ID=3148597
Zackerinia, M., M. Namdar, et al. (1998). "Development of hematologic malignancies and aplastic anemia following exposure to mustard gas." Irn J Med Sci 23(1&2): 5.
Zhang, P., P. Ng, et al. (2002). "Gene expressions in Jurkat cells poisoned by a sulphur mustard vesicant and the induction of apoptosis." Br J Pharmacol 137(2): 245-52. Pubmed ID=12208782
