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The literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The reference library outlined below is an important component of our CounterACT Education and Training program run by Drs. Joshua Gray and Diane Heck.
References cataloged by subject:
Sulfur Mustard References:
(2000). "Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents. Introduction." J Toxicol Environ Health A 59(5-6): 281-526. Pubmed ID=10742829
Abe, Y., K. Sugisaki, et al. (1996). "Rabbit vascular endothelial adhesion molecules: ELAM-1 is most elevated in acute inflammation, whereas VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 predominate in chronic inflammation." J Leukoc Biol 60(6): 692-703. Pubmed ID=8975870
Aghanouri, R., M. Ghanei, et al. (2004). "Fibrogenic cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage aspirates 15 years after exposure to sulfur mustard." Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 287(6): L1160-4. Pubmed ID=15286001
Albrio, P. W. and L. Fishbein (1970). "Gas chromatography of sulfur mustard and its analogs." J Chromatogr 46(2): 202-3. Pubmed ID=5415037
Alexander, S. F. (1947). "Medical report of the Bari Harbor mustard casualties." Military Surgeon 101: 1-17.
Allon, N., E. Gilat, et al. (1993). Sulfur mustard inhalation induced respiratory lesions in guinea pigs: Physiological, biochemical and histological study. . Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Alpert, L. K. (1958). "Preliminary studies with sulfur mustard in human neoplastic diseases." Ann N Y Acad Sci 68(3): 1223-4. Pubmed ID=13627775
Amalric, P., P. Bessou, et al. (1965). "[Late recurrences of keratitis caused by mustard gas]." Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 65(2): 101-6. Pubmed ID=5828925
Amir, A., S. Chapman, et al. (1998). "Protection by extracellular glutathione against sulfur mustard induced toxicity in vitro." Hum Exp Toxicol 17(12): 652-60. Pubmed ID=9988369
Amir, A., S. Chapman, et al. (2000). "Sulfur mustard toxicity in macrophages: effect of dexamethasone." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S51-8. Pubmed ID=11428643
Amir, A., S. Dachir, et al. (2004). The corneal epithelium in sulfur mustard ocular injury-In vitro and ex vivo studies. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1080
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2004). Evaluation of Protease Inhibitors in Sulfur Mustard Ocular Injuries. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1079
Amir, A., J. Turetz, et al. (2000). "Beneficial effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs against sulfur mustard-induced ocular lesions in rabbits." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S109-14. Pubmed ID=11428620
Amitai, G., R. Adani, et al. (2003). "Degradation of VX and sulfur mustard by enzymatic haloperoxidation." J Appl Toxicol 23(4): 225-33. Pubmed ID=12884405
Anderson, D. R., S. L. Byers, et al. (1997). "Biochemical alterations in rat lung lavage fluid following acute sulfur mustard inhalation." Inhal Toxicol 9: 43-51.
Anderson, D. R., S. L. Byers, et al. (2000). "Treatment of sulfur mustard (HD)-induced lung injury." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S129-32. Pubmed ID=11428623
Anderson, D. R., W. W. Holmes, et al. (2006). "Sulfur mustard-induced neutropenia: treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor." Mil Med 171(5): 448-53. Pubmed ID=16761898
Anderson, D. R., W. W. Holmes, et al. (2004). Sulfur Mustard Induced Neutropenia: Treatment with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and pegylated –G-CSF. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscientific Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1081
Anderson, D. R., J. J. Yourick, et al. (1996). "Pathologic changes in rat lungs following acute sulfur mustard inhalation." Inhal Toxicol 8: 295-297.
Anderson, J. S. (1942). The effect of mustard gas vapour on eyes under Indian hot weather conditions, CDRE (India).
Andrew, D. J. and C. D. Lindsay (1998). "Protection of human upper respiratory tract cell lines against sulphur mustard toxicity by glutathione esters." Hum Exp Toxicol 17(7): 387-95. Pubmed ID=9726535
Andrew, D. J. and C. D. Lindsay (1998). "Protection of human upper respiratory tract cell lines against sulphur mustard toxicity by hexamethylenetetramine (HMT)." Hum Exp Toxicol 17(7): 373-9. Pubmed ID=9726533
Andrzejewski, S. and J. Scianowski (1975). "Recovery pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) total activity changes induced with sulphur mustard in internal organ tissue and serum of rats." Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 23(11): 773-6. Pubmed ID=1218392
Andrzejewski, S. and J. Scianowski (1978). "[Toxic effect of sulfur yperite on selected rat internal organs and a histoautoradiographic assay of its distribution in internal organs damaged previously with sulfur yperite]." Patol Pol 29(1): 51-60. Pubmed ID=662424
Angelov, A., L. Belchev, et al. (1996). "Study of some toxic effects of sulfur mustard gas on broiler chickens." Vet Archiv 66: 27-34.
Anslow, W. P. and C. R. Houck (1946). Systemic pharmacology and pathology of sulfur and nitrogen mustards. Chemical warfare agents and related chemical problems. Washington, DC, US Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee. Part 4, Chapter 22: 440-478.
Arroyo, C. M., D. L. Burman, et al. (2004). "TNF-alpha expression patterns as potential molecular biomarker for human skin cells exposed to vesicant chemical warfare agents: sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L)." Cell Biol Toxicol 20(6): 345-59. Pubmed ID=15868479
Arroyo, C. M., D. L. Burman, et al. (2004). Neutralization effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibodies on sulfur mustard (HD)-induced IL-6 secretion on human epidermal keratinocytes. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1082
Arroyo, C. M., D. L. Burmon, et al. (2004). TNF-α Expression Patterns as Potential Molecular Biomarker for Human Skin Cells Exposed to Vesicant Chemical Warfare Agents: Sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L). Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1083
Arroyo, C. M., R. K. Kan, et al. (2003). "Regulation of 1-alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 induced by sulfur mustard (HD) on human skin cells." Pharmacol Toxicol 92(5): 204-13. Pubmed ID=12753408
Arroyo, C. M., R. J. Schafer, et al. (1999). "Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure." Hum Exp Toxicol 18(1): 1-11. Pubmed ID=10025362
Arroyo, C. M., R. J. Schafer, et al. (2000). "Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard: cytokine release." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S63-72. Pubmed ID=11428645
Ashby, J., H. Tinwell, et al. (1991). "Genetic activity of the human carcinogen sulphur mustard towards Salmonella and the mouse bone marrow." Mutat Res 257(3): 307-11. Pubmed ID=2014034
Assennato, G., F. Ambrosi, et al. (1997). "[Possible long-term effects on the respiratory system of exposure to yperite of fishermen]." Med Lav 88(2): 148-54. Pubmed ID=9312665
Atkins, K. B., I. J. Lodhi, et al. (2000). "N-acetylcysteine and endothelial cell injury by sulfur mustard." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S125-8. Pubmed ID=11428622
Attaran, D., M. Khajedaloui, et al. (2006). "Health-related quality of life in patients with chemical warfare-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Arch Iran Med 9(4): 359-63. Pubmed ID=17061610
Auerbach, C. and J. M. Robson (1946). "Tests of chemical substances for mutagenic action." Proc Royal Society of Edinburgh 62B: 284-291.
Axelrod, D. J. and J. G. Hamilton (1947). "Radio-autographic studies of the distribution of lewisite and mustard gas in skin and eye tissues." Am J Pathol 23: 389-411.
Azizi, F., M. Amini, et al. (1993). "Time course of changes in free thyroid indices, rT3, TSH, cortisol and ACTH following exposure to sulfur mustard." Exp Clin Endocrinol 101(5): 303-6. Pubmed ID=8299707
Azizi, F., A. Keshavarz, et al. (1995). "Reproductive function in men following exposure to chemical warfare with sulphur mustard." Med War 11(1): 34-44. Pubmed ID=7731411
Babin, M. C., K. Ricketts, et al. (2000). "Systemic administration of candidate antivesicants to protect against topically applied sulfur mustard in the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM)." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S141-4. Pubmed ID=11428627
Bagheri, M. H., S. K. Hosseini, et al. (2003). "High-resolution CT in chronic pulmonary changes after mustard gas exposure." Acta Radiol 44(3): 241-5. Pubmed ID=12751992
Balali-Mood, M. and M. Hefazi (2006). "Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans." Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 99(4): 273-82. Pubmed ID=17040211
Balali-Mood, M., M. Hefazi, et al. (2005). "Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in severely intoxicated Iranian veterans." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 19(6): 713-21. Pubmed ID=16313284
Ballantyne, B. (1986). "Intramuscular prednisolone pretreatment does not influence the dermal lesions induced by topical sulfur mustard." Vet Hum Toxicol 28(3): 204-6. Pubmed ID=3727348
Banks, T. E., J. C. Boursnell, et al. (1946). "Studies on mustard gas (betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds: 4. Their action on proteins (studied with the aid of radioactive sulphur)." Biochem J 40(5-6): 745-56. Pubmed ID=16748082
Bartlett, P. D. and C. G. Swain (1949). "Kinetics of hydrolysis and displacement reactions of β,β'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (mustard gas) and of β-chloro-β'-hydroxydiethyl sulfide (mustard chlorohydrin)." J Am Chem Soc 71: 1406-1415.
Bhat, K. R. (2004). Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase is involved in the repair of DNA damage due to sulfur mustard by a mechanism other than DNA ligase I activation. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1084
Bhat, K. R., B. J. Benton, et al. (2006). "Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is essential for sulfur mustard-induced DNA damage repair, but has no role in DNA ligase activation." J Appl Toxicol 26(5): 452-7. Pubmed ID=16906506
Bhat, K. R., B. J. Benton, et al. (2000). "Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in DNA repair in sulfur mustard-exposed normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK)." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S13-7. Pubmed ID=11428624
Bhat, S., S. Gulati, et al. (2004). The role of glutathione depletion and oxidative stress in mustard toxicity: A review. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1085
Bhattacharya, R., P. V. Rao, et al. (2001). "Protective effects of amifostine and its analogues on sulfur mustard toxicity in vitro and in vivo." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 176(1): 24-33. Pubmed ID=11578146
Black, R. M., K. Brewster, et al. (1992). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane): isolation and identification of urinary metabolites following intraperitoneal administration to rat." Xenobiotica 22(4): 405-18. Pubmed ID=1523861
Black, R. M., R. J. Clarke, et al. (1993). "Application of head space analysis, solvent extraction, thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis of chemical warfare samples containing sulphur mustard and related compounds." J Chromatogr 637: 71-81.
Black, R. M., R. J. Clarke, et al. (1997). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard: identification of valine and histidine adducts in haemoglobin from casualties of sulphur mustard poisoning." Xenobiotica 27(5): 499-512. Pubmed ID=9179990
Black, R. M., R. J. Clarke, et al. (1991). "Analysis of 1,1'-sulphonylbis[2-(methylsulphinyl)ethane] and 1-methylsulphinyl-2-[2-(methylthio)ethylsulphonyl]ethane, metabolites of sulphur mustard, in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." J Chromatogr 558(2): 405-14. Pubmed ID=1797814
Black, R. M., R. J. Clarke, et al. (1994). "Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of chemical warfare samples, found to contain residues of the nerve agent sarin, sulphur mustard and their degradation products." J Chromatogr A 662(2): 301-21. Pubmed ID=8143028
Black, R. M., J. L. Hambrook, et al. (1992). "Biological fate of sulfur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane). Urinary excretion profiles of hydrolysis products and beta-lyase metabolites of sulfur mustard after cutaneous application in rats." J Anal Toxicol 16(2): 79-84. Pubmed ID=1501468
Black, R. M., J. M. Harrison, et al. (1997). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard: in vitro alkylation of human haemoglobin by sulphur mustard." Xenobiotica 27(1): 11-32. Pubmed ID=9041676
Black, R. M. and R. W. Read (1991). "Methods for the analysis of thiodiglycol sulphoxide, a metabolite of sulphur mustard, in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." J Chromatogr 558(2): 393-404. Pubmed ID=1797813
Black, R. M. and R. W. Read (1995). "Biological fate of sulphur mustard, 1,1'-thiobis(2-chloroethane): identification of beta-lyase metabolites and hydrolysis products in human urine." Xenobiotica 25(2): 167-73. Pubmed ID=7618344
Black, R. M. and R. W. Read (1995). "Improved methodology for the detection and quantitation of urinary metabolites of sulphur mustard using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 665(1): 97-105. Pubmed ID=7795806
Black, R. M. and R. W. Read (2004). Urinary metabolites of sulfur mustard derived from the beta-lyase and mercapturic acid pathways as indicators of exposure. Proceedings on the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1071
Blank, J. A., R. L. Joiner, et al. (1991). "Comparative immunotoxicity of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide and cyclophosphamide: evaluation of L1210 tumor cell resistance, cell-mediated immunity, and humoral immunity." Int J Immunopharmacol 13(2-3): 251-7. Pubmed ID=2071298
Blank, J. A., L. A. Lane, et al. (2000). "Procedure for assessing myeloperoxidase and inflammatory mediator responses in hairless mouse skin." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S137-9. Pubmed ID=11428626
Bobb, A. J., D. P. Arfsten, et al. (2005). "N-acetyl-L-cysteine as prophylaxis against sulfur mustard." Mil Med 170(1): 52-6. Pubmed ID=15724855
Bodell, W. J., M. Gerosa, et al. (1985). "Investigation of resistance to DNA cross-linking agents in 9L cell lines with different sensitivities to chloroethylnitrosoureas." Cancer Res 45(8): 3460-4. Pubmed ID=3860285
Bongiovanni, R., C. B. Millard, et al. (1993). Estimation of neutrophil infiltration into hairless guinea pig skin treated with 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Boopathi, M., M. V. Suryanarayana, et al. (2006). "Plastic antibody for the recognition of chemical warfare agent sulphur mustard." Biosens Bioelectron 21(12): 2339-44. Pubmed ID=16569501
Borak, J. and F. R. Sidell (1992). "Agents of chemical warfare: sulfur mustard." Ann Emerg Med 21(3): 303-8. Pubmed ID=1536492
Borges, H. T., R. A. Faust, et al. (1996). "Preliminary data analysis and derivation of an estimated reference dose (RfD) for sulfur mustard (HD)." Toxicologist 30(1 Part 2): 149.
Borrett, V. T., R. J. Matthews, et al. (1996). "Verification of the United Nations Chemical Weapons Convention: the application of electrospray mass spectrometry." Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 10: 1114-1118.
Bossone, C. A. and B. Smith (2004). Current animal models used in developing antivesicant medical countermeasures: A review. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1069
Boursnell, J. C., J. A. Cohen, et al. (1946). "Studies on mustard gas (betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds: 5. The fate of injected mustard gas (containing radioactive sulphur) in the animal body." Biochem J 40(5-6): 756-64. Pubmed ID=16748083
Boursnell, J. C., G. E. Francis, et al. (1946). "Studies on mustard gas (betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds: 3. The preparation and use of mustard gas containing (a) radioactive sulphur and (b) deuterium." Biochem J 40(5-6): 743-5. Pubmed ID=16748081
Boursnell, J. C., G. E. Francis, et al. (1946). "Studies on mustard gas (betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide) and some related compounds: 6. The fate of injected betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphone and betabeta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphoxide (containing radioactive sulphur) in the animal body." Biochem J 40(5-6): 765-8. Pubmed ID=16748084
Bowden, E. (1943). Median detectable concentrations by odor of plant run mustard, plant run lewisite and pilot plant ethyl nitrogen mustard, Chemical Warfare Service.
Braue Jr., E. H., J. S. Graham, et al. (2004). Non-invasive methods for determining lesion depth from vesicant exposure. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1057
Brimfield, A. A. (1995). "Possible protein phosphatase inhibition by bis(hydroxyethyl)sulfide, a hydrolysis product of mustard gas." Toxicol Lett 78(1): 43-8. Pubmed ID=7604398
Brimfield, A. A. and M. J. Novak (2004). Thiodiglycol metabolism by mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase using NMR: synthetic route to the metabolic intermediate hydroxyethylthio acetaldehyde via the cyclic 1,4-oxathian-2-Ol. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1086/html
Brimfield, A. A., M. J. Novak, et al. (2006). "Thiodiglycol, the hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard: analysis of in vitro biotransformation by mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases using nuclear magnetic resonance." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 213(3): 207-15. Pubmed ID=16417912
Brimfield, A. A., L. M. Zweig, et al. (1998). "In vitro oxidation of the hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard, 2,2'-thiobis-ethanol, by mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase." J Biochem Mol Toxicol 12(6): 361-9. Pubmed ID=9736485
Broch, H., A. Hamza, et al. (1996). "Quantum molecular modeling of the interaction between guanine and alkylating agents--1--sulfur mustard." J Biomol Struct Dyn 13(6): 903-14. Pubmed ID=8832373
Brookes, P. and P. D. Lawley (1963). "Effects of alkylating agents on T2 and T4 bacteriophages." Biochem J 89: 138-44. Pubmed ID=14100794
Brookes, P. and P. D. Lawley (1963). "Evidence for the action of alkylating agents on deoxyribonucleic acid." Exp Cell Res 24: SUPPL9:521-4. Pubmed ID=14046251
Brown, R. F. and P. Rice (1997). "Histopathological changes in Yucatan minipig skin following challenge with sulphur mustard. A sequential study of the first 24 hours following challenge." Int J Exp Pathol 78(1): 9-20. Pubmed ID=9166101
Brown, R. F., P. Rice, et al. (1998). "The use of laser Doppler imaging as an aid in clinical management decision making in the treatment of vesicant burns." Burns 24(8): 692-8. Pubmed ID=9915668
Bullman, T. and H. Kang (2000). "A fifty year mortality follow-up study of veterans exposed to low level chemical warfare agent, mustard gGas." Ann Epidemiol 10(5): 333-8. Pubmed ID=10942882
Bullman, T. A. and H. K. Kang (1994). "The effects of mustard gas, ionizing radiation, herbicides, trauma, and oil smoke on US military personnel: the results of veteran studies." Annu Rev Public Health 15: 69-90. Pubmed ID=8054100
Burrows, E. P. (1998). Analysis of chemical warfare agents and their transformation products. Government Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I).
Cai, Y., Q. Ma, et al. (2004). "[Therapeutic effects of rhEPO, rhG-CSF on sulfur mustard induced toxicity in dogs]." Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 33(6): 649-51. Pubmed ID=15727166
Calvet, J. H., A. Coste, et al. (1996). "Airway epithelial damage induced by sulfur mustard in guinea pigs, effects of glucocorticoids." Hum Exp Toxicol 15(12): 964-71. Pubmed ID=8981100
Calvet, J. H., M. P. D'Ortho, et al. (1994). "Glucocorticoids inhibit sulfur mustard-induced airway muscle hyperresponsiveness to substance P." J Appl Physiol 77(5): 2325-32. Pubmed ID=7532648
Calvet, J. H., J. P. Gascard, et al. (1999). "Airway epithelial damage and release of inflammatory mediators in human lung parenchyma after sulfur mustard exposure." Hum Exp Toxicol 18(2): 77-81. Pubmed ID=10100019
Calvet, J. H., P. H. Jarreau, et al. (1994). "Acute and chronic respiratory effects of sulfur mustard intoxication in guinea pig." J Appl Physiol 76(2): 681-8. Pubmed ID=8175578
Calvet, J. H., E. Planus, et al. (1999). "Matrix metalloproteinase gelatinases in sulfur mustard-induced acute airway injury in guinea pigs." Am J Physiol 276(5 Pt 1): L754-62. Pubmed ID=10330031
Calvet, J. H., G. Trouiller, et al. (1993). Acute and chronic respiratory lesions induced by sulfur mustard in guinea pigs: Role of Tachykinins. Proceedings of the medical defense bioscience review, Baltimore, MD, US Department of Commerce.
Cameron, G. R., J. H. Gaddum, et al. (1946). "Absorption of war gasses by the nose." J Pathol Bacteriol 58: 449-455.
Capacio, B. R., J. R. Smith, et al. (2004). "Monitoring sulfur mustard exposure by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of thiodiglycol cleaved from blood proteins." J Anal Toxicol 28(5): 306-10. Pubmed ID=15239847
Capacio, B. R., J. R. Smith, et al. (2004). Forensic analysis: The detection of chemical warfare agent exposure in
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Capizzi, R. L., B. Papirmeister, et al. (1974). "The detection of chemical mutagens using the L5178y-Asn-murine leukemia in vitro and in a host-mediated assay." Cancer Res 34(11): 3073-82. Pubmed ID=4370835
Capizzi, R. L., W. P. Summers, et al. (1973). "Use of the asparagine auxotroph of the L5178Y murine leukemia for the detection of chemical mutagens in vitro and in the host-mediated assay." Environ Health Perspect 6: 137-43. Pubmed ID=4360721
Carr, F. J. and B. W. Fox (1982). "The effects of bifunctional alkylating agents on DNA synthesis in sensitive and resistant Yoshida cells." Mutat Res 95(2-3): 441-56. Pubmed ID=7121494
Carrick, W. A., D. B. Cooper, et al. (2001). "Retrospective identification of chemical warfare agents by high-temperature automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." J Chromatogr A 925(1-2): 241-9. Pubmed ID=11519809
Carroll, L. S. (2005). "Sulfur mustard: cutaneous exposure." Clin Toxicol (Phila) 43(1): 55. Pubmed ID=15732448
Carter, C. A., Y. Habraken, et al. (1988). "Release of 7-alkylguanines from haloethylnitrosourea-treated DNA by E. coli 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 155(3): 1261-5. Pubmed ID=3052445
Casbohm, S. L., J. V. Rogers, et al. (2004). "Localization of substance P gene expression for evaluating protective countermeasures against sulfur mustard." Toxicology 204(2-3): 229-39. Pubmed ID=15388249
Casbohm, S. L., J. V. Rogers, et al. (2004). Localization of substance P gene expression for evaluating protective countermeasures against sulfur mustard. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1075
Case, R. A. and A. J. Lea (1955). "Mustard gas poisoning, chronic bronchitis, and lung cancer; an investigation into the possibility that poisoning by mustard gas in the 1914-18 war might be a factor in the production of neoplasia." Br J Prev Soc Med 9(2): 62-72. Pubmed ID=14378527
Casillas, R. P., R. C. Kiser, et al. (2000). "Therapeutic approaches to dermatotoxicity by sulfur mustard. I. Modulaton of sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous injury in the mouse ear vesicant model." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S145-51. Pubmed ID=11428628
Casillas, R. P., K. J. Smith, et al. (1996). Effect of topically applied drugs against HD-induced cutaneous injury in the mouse ear edema model. Med Def Bioscience Rev,
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Chakrabarti, A. K. and P. Ray (2000). "Novel endogenous inhibitor of sulfur mustard-stimulated protease in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes: possible application in vesicant intervention." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S59-61. Pubmed ID=11428644
Chakrabarti, A. K., P. Ray, et al. (1998). "Purification and characterization of protease activated by sulfur mustard in normal human epidermal keratinocytes." Biochem Pharmacol 56(4): 467-72. Pubmed ID=9763222
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1996). "Structural changes induced by sulphur mustard in rabbit skin." J Appl Toxicol 16(6): 491-5. Pubmed ID=8956094
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1993). "Effect of sulphur mustard on mouse skin--an electron microscopic evaluation." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 51(3): 374-80. Pubmed ID=8219592
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1993). "Histomorphometric study of animal skin exposed to sulphur mustard." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 51(1): 138-45. Pubmed ID=8318764
Chauhan, R. S., L. V. Murthy, et al. (1995). "Electron microscopic study of guinea pig skin exposed to sulphur mustard." Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 55(1): 50-7. Pubmed ID=7545039
Chauhan, R. S. and L. V. Murty (1997). "Effect of topically applied sulphur mustard on guinea pig liver." J Appl Toxicol 17(6): 415-9. Pubmed ID=9418951
Chen, X. M., P. J. Gray, et al. (1999). "Differential sensitivity of transcription factors to mustard-damaged DNA." Chem Biol Interact 118(1): 51-67. Pubmed ID=10227578
Cheng, T. C., J. E. Kolakowski, et al. (1993). "Bioprocessing of industrial and agricultural waste 1: Advances in the biodegradation of chemical warfare agents and related materials." J Cell Biochem Suppl 21A: 41.
Chevillard, M., P. Lainee, et al. (1992). "Toxic effects of sulfur mustard on respiratory epithelial cells in culture." Cell Biol Toxicol 8(2): 171-81. Pubmed ID=1422926
Chilcott, R. P. (2005). "Toxicity of sulphur mustard." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 204(1): 99-100; author reply 100. Pubmed ID=15781298
Chilcott, R. P., R. F. Brown, et al. (2000). "Non-invasive quantification of skin injury resulting from exposure to sulphur mustard and Lewisite vapours." Burns 26(3): 245-50. Pubmed ID=10741590
Chilcott, R. P., C. H. Dalton, et al. (2002). "Transepidermal water loss does not correlate with skin barrier function in vitro." J Invest Dermatol 118(5): 871-5. Pubmed ID=11982767
Chilcott, R. P., J. Jenner, et al. (2000). "Human skin absorption of Bis-2-(chloroethyl)sulphide (sulphur mustard) in vitro." J Appl Toxicol 20(5): 349-55. Pubmed ID=11139165
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